Identify a recurring conflict between key members of your team. Now that we understand conflict, were ready to take on negotiation. Others include peace as gaia (balance in and with the ecosphere), inner peace (spiritual peace) and as wholeness (making whole). (vi) Bribery, Corruption and Embezzlement Almost all SOEs in Ghana are perceived to have various levels of bribery, corruption and embezzlement present in them. The, constitution shall be the supreme Law of Ghana and any other law found to be inconsistent with, any provision of this inconsistency is declared void. The sales department feels like the legal department is there to keep them from getting deals signed. (vi) Helps one to have a sound and peaceful mind, in order to be more productive. This has led to a short-term improvement e in gross official reserves. [7] WB 2016. [1] and as the most peaceful country in West Africa.[2]. 0000006270 00000 n O. Ramsbotham, T. Woodhouse, Hugh Miall (2009) Contemporary Conflict Resolution: The prevention, management and transformation of deadly conflicts, Cambridge, Polity Press. GDP per Capita (USD), ibid. This war is widely known in Ghana and even other African countries. (a) Reasons for the establishment of state owned enterprises in Ghana The other layers are differences of values, differences of viewpoint, differences of interest, and interpersonal differences. Conflict Management Styles & Strategies | What is Conflict Management? In the second half of FY2016 and after having been hard hit by lower global oil prices, Angola announced its FY2017 national budget of an estimated USD 44.22 billion. The problem is determining the source to identify whether this is a healthy conflict for the team or a symptom of a hidden problem that needs to be uncovered. [11] BBC 2018. (xi) Socialization (personal standards of social ethics) (xii) acculturation Conflict can occur if the first team member is delayed in completing their tasks. 0000000016 00000 n A strong correlation between economic performance and conflict has been a feature throughout Ghanas history. A strong correlation between economic performance and conflict has been a feature throughout Ghana's history. [any four], 4. Nevertheless the periodic flaring up of conflicts into serious violence has become a source of worry. Group Members: Soumil Ghotane 60 Akshay Kalambe 62 Jyoti Kandalgaonkar 63 Sanket Thorat 78 Sameer Dhurat 83 Anand Kalambe 84 Sanket Panchamia 86 Tejas Shelar 99. succeed. They also learned that the language of leadership is dependent upon the thoughtful consideration of the leader. Lack of resources. Conflict occurs when different ideas or actions cause disagreement or lead to unrest. These are the 1969, 1979 and 1992 Constitutions. Aims and Methods in Task Completion Conflict can arise when people have different aims. Activities such as family socialization, children attending school, workers carrying out duties, utility services operating, transportation services running, etc, may all be stopped due to physical destruction of social amenities, insecurity or suspicion. Types of Conflict. Data-type or about facts or laws 3. Introduction. Causes of Conflict. Conflict is classified into the following four types: Interpersonal Conflict Interpersonal conflict refers to a conflict between two individuals. Such requirements are included to safeguard against unwarranted military appraisal and to prevent dictatorships from emerging. Then, guide students in determining if the conflict is interpersonal, intrapersonal, intergroup or intragroup. _hjAbsoluteSessionInProgress: 30 minutes: No description available. 0000006047 00000 n Wed love your input. What Is Better: Fostering an Educational Application or Purchasing an Instant One? (i) The shooting and killing of 3 ex-servicemen on 28th February 1948 at the Christianborg crossroad while on a march to the Osu Castle to present a petition to the Governor (xii) They discourage creativity concerning innovative solutions to societal problems Conflict is inevitable when you are leading a team through change, transitioning from peer to supervisor or trying to step up performance on a project with high visibility. From 1966 to 1967, the gross domestic product per capita declined from USD 269,000 to 216,000, a 6.1% decrease[5]. 1. Sources of Conflict: Early reviews in the field of conflict resolution identified a large number of schemes for describing sources or types of conflict (Fink, 1968; Mack & Snyder, 1958). (v) Displacements of persons Moving, changing relationships, changing jobs, and other major changes are rife with conflict due to the fact that change involves opposing concepts in a state of unrest. (i) They help to facilitate safety of the community (PDF) Effects of conflicts on local development in Ghana Effects of conflicts on local development in Ghana Authors: Desmond Gagakuma Kwame Nkrumah University Of Science and Technology. 4.1 Communication Breakdown. More and more specialists believe that conflict management is as important as the other management functions. All rights reserved. Available At: https://www.jstor.org/ [Last Accessed: 30 January 2019]. It situates the question of conflict within the context of the Northern Region of Ghana and defines conflict as a situation in which people, groups or individuals are involved in a serious disagreement or argument which degenerates into violence. [10] BoG 2015. 4 Specific Causes of Conflicts. 0000018306 00000 n A conflict of interest emerges when people have differing opinions. Since independence from France in 1960, Madagascars economy and development challenges have been compounded by periodic political unrests that have hampered economic growth and limited public investment. An analysis of inter-ethnic conflicts in Northern Region reveals a pattern of struggle for paramountcy and autonomy. Ghanas proclivity for military coups entrenched military centrality, whereby the military perceived itself to be the sole functional organ of state, not as susceptible to or constrained by corruption to the degree of other branches of state, including civil government[3]. Conflict can occur between two employees, between a team of employees, or between departments of an organization, brought about by the employees, teams, or organizations themselves. This plot progression is true of shows aimed at the youngest of audiences (for example, the bear wants honey out of the tree but has to trick the bees in order to get it). The history of Swazi land tenure dates back to PESA is an independent think-tank promoting regional integration in SADC and providing research on the political economy of development in Africa. Avoiding Conflicts. [14] Kwarke, S. 2018. (ii) Provision of essential goods and services at affordable costs Largest Ethnic Group: Akan. Some of these incentives could be tax rebates, tax holidays, manpower training, subsidies, award schemes. The transition from British rule to self-government was not smooth, characterised by several coups that point to considerable levels of contestation for power. The era following Ghanas independence was characterised by authoritarian rule: Nkrumah introduced a one-party state and promulgating laws legitimizing detention without trial for up to five years. 'Inter-' means external and 'group' means sets of multiple things, so intergroup conflict relates to conflicts that happen between solidified groups of people. One of the early theorists on conflict, Daniel Katz (1965), created a typology that distinguishes three main sources of conflict: economic, value, and power. (ix) High prices of essential commodities, which was caused by general shortage (a) Why the Watson Commission was set up Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. How Entrepreneurs Can Profit from Proceeding with Education, Here Are Top 5 Reasons Getting a Graduate Education Online Benefits Your Home Business, What We Need More in Education: Genuine Qualities, Step by step instructions to Proceed Your Education Online: Tools, Applications, and Tricks of the trade to Attempt. Political Vigilantism Threatens Political Stability in Ghana, on the Daily Maverick Website, viewed, on 25 November 2018, from https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/. Was there conflict in it? Personality conflicts make work rough. 4.2 Expectation of Manager. (vii) Gender discrimination (viii) Marital misunderstandings (ix) Political differences ECOWAS, on the Africa Regional Integration Index Website, viewed on the 15 October 2018, from https://www.integrate-africa.org/. Following the 1983 coup, GDP per capita dropped to an all-time low of USD 341,000, resulting in an economic meltdown[6]. (vi) Creates conditions for human rights abuses 0000001732 00000 n Heavy workload, unfair treatment, bullying, harassment and unpredictable policies are all possible causes of organizational conflict. Quite a number of rural folks migrate to the urban areas without even knowing what awaits Contemporary Ghana enjoys greater political stability than it did shortly after independence: the countrys political decline after acquiring independence was fairly rapid, with the first coup occurring six years after the inauguration of the first republic. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Discover sources of the four main types of conflict: interpersonal, intrapersonal, intergroup, and intragroup. enterprises. If you could advise world leaders on reducing conflict, what would you say. (iv) They support the preservation of the environment Goal incompatibility and differentiation is a fairly common occurrence. Sources of Conict Other Paradigms Neol-liberal institutionalists Force used in defense of state Identity conicts are, like realists, used to mobilize resources, but Examples of abusive leaders and Undermine cooperation Multi-lateral institutions can mediate conicts, raise costs for potential rivals of resort to force. Since the first republican Constitution in. and as the most peaceful country in West Africa. Identify four sources of conflicts in Ghana (b) Explain four effects of conflicts in Ghana. The manufacturing team disagrees with research and development. The last approach is to avoid the conflict entirely. Over the past two decades, there have been numerous studies , , undertaken that aim to identify the drivers of conflicts in natural resource-rich developing countries across the world. Rural dwellers would therefore be enticed to stay. When employees become stressed and have a hard time maintaining work-life balance, they are more likely to engage in conflicts. Recognising the fact that around half of all states that emerged from civil war in the new international setting were likely to fall back into conflict within five years, the international community approved the establishment of the PBC. You want the difference of opinion to possibly identify new and different ways of doing things but you have to be prepared to deal with the conflict that occurs when passionate, committed people come together to solve a problem or address an issue. These often Mauritian exports have been growing slower than imports during the period from 2015 to 2018. Thus, as one might expect given the theme a this point, politics as a social system conflicts in the same way that all the above systems do. The disconnect between your words and actions may cause internal turmoil. (v) Credit unions (v) Insufficient funds / capital Many SOEs do not have the needed funds to operate at optimum (best / highest) levels. (iii) They help to uphold law and order [any four], 2. this paper analyses some of the most critical causes of conflict in the society. (xiii) Amendment of negative cultural practices (a) (b) Give four reasons for saving Outline four avenues for saving 6. 1. What type of conflict is most common in the world today? The UN began a process of reform, searching for ways in which the organisation could be adapted to meet the realities of this changing international environment. 0000001497 00000 n For each, students should record the conflict type and source. The states in question were commonly among the poorest in the world, and many were considered to be failed states, having lost the ability to maintain order or advance their own socio-economic development. The sources of conflict can be divided into basic categories: As mentioned, everyone is unique and has an individual personality. The times when subsistence farming was enough are past and gone. (a) (i) What is superstition? However, the military coups have had the unintended outcome of contributing to the political and economic maturity of the state. Ghana: Ex Post Assessment of Longer-Term Program Engagement, International Monetary Fund: Washington, D. C. Available At: https://www.imf.org/ [Last Accessed: 30 January 2019]. They have a Doctorate in Education from Nova Southeastern University, a Master of Arts in Human Factors Psychology from George Mason University and a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology from Flagler College. Research Methods in Psychology: Homework Help Resource, Research Methods in Psychology: Tutoring Solution, FTCE School Psychologist PK-12 (036) Prep, CLEP Introductory Psychology Exam: Study Guide & Test Prep, UExcel Social Psychology: Study Guide & Test Prep, Introduction to Social Psychology: Certificate Program, Social Psychology: Homework Help Resource, Educational Psychology: Tutoring Solution, Educational Psychology: Homework Help Resource, UExcel Research Methods in Psychology: Study Guide & Test Prep, Research Methods in Psychology: Certificate Program, Research Methods in Psychology: Help and Review, Introduction to Psychology: Homework Help Resource, High School Psychology: Homeschool Curriculum, Create an account to start this course today. The history of conflict and political instability in Ghana reveals that for a time political turmoil was the order of the day. Some of these practices are puberty rites, widowhood rites, forced marriages, female genital mutilation, etc. Conflicts in Nigeria, Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Cte . [5] WB 2019. 1. Land Ownership and control of land are another major source of ethnic conflicts in the Northern Region. In such circumstances, prices of the few goods and services on the market are greatly hiked (increased), thereby creating intense economic hardship in the nation. Conflicts over land ownership in North Gondar. This led to an increase in the general price of goods, placing the ordinary Ghanaians under significant financial pressure. They also fought with the British many times, but the most notable war being the Yaa Asantewaa war in which she led the Ashantis. Diligent diagnosis is a prerequisite for effective communication. Political intolerance between the two major political parties, the New Patriotic Party and National Democratic Congress, is a constant feature[14]. The empire became known in Europe and Arabia as the Ghana Empire after the title of its Emperor, the Ghana. Organizational sources of conflict occur when departments are differentiated in their goals. 15, pp. Bringing people together with different opinions is a double-edge sword. First layer is always misunderstanding. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. 1. The 1994 fight between the Konkomba and Nanumba tribes which resulted in over 1,000 deaths and the displacement of 150,000 people should serve as a warning[13]. [any four], (b) Measures that can be adopted to reduce rural-urban migration. The Africa Portal is a research repository and an expert analysis hub on African affairs. Political stability and the entrenched rule of law is vital to maintain peace and stimulate economic growth within the country. - Definition & Examples, Largest Revenue Sources for the Federal Government, Dealignment in Politics: Definition, Theory & Example, Political Nomination: Definition & Process, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, People living together conflict over who didn't put the cap on the toothpaste. The important thing to remember is that conflict is natural. (vi) They discourage scientific advancement and technology (vii) They generate conflicts among members of the community (viii) They create intense and unreasonable fear in the community (ix) They slow down development / progress in the community (x) They sometimes permit abuse of ones human rights Begin by collecting several current events articles or videos. Serious conflicts / intense fighting can lead to injuries, loss of lives and property of inhabitants and state. source of worry. Theyve been told that management likes it, and that they need to build it by the most economical means possible. Differences in interest from the point of view of the stakeholders can be a significant cause of conflicts during a project. [any four] (b) Problems facing State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in Ghana GDP per Capita (USD), on the World Bank Website, viewed on 24 November 2018, from https://data.worldbank.org/. Although earlier studies have . 1992. Notwithstanding the challenges noted above, Ghana has successfully held eight democratic elections between 1983 and 2018, with the opposition winning the elections of 2016, (these elections marked 33 years since Ghanas last military coup). Although Nkrumahs vision was to develop Ghana into an industrial power, his leadership style precipitated economic crisis that ultimately saw his regime deposed by military coup in 1966[1]. With changes in the international landscape occurring in the years following the Cold War, new and different types of conflict flared up. Email Address (required). (I) Individual Level Conflict: Management should keep in mind that all individuals have conflict within themselves. The same standards of work, production numbers, and clean-up should be upheld by all three teams. It is a natural part of life that can have positive outcomes or incredibly destructive outcomes depending on how it is resolved. The Ashanti Empire were known for conquering many lands and claiming them.[when?] 6. Then, the manufacturing team gets together to look at this new design. These styles can be a major source of many conflicts, irritating as may! "From 1806 until 1896, the Ashanti Kingdom was in a perpetual state of war involving expansion or defense of its domain". some SOEs products and services due to the affordable rates and the monopoly (one man show) that some of them have. Follow us on some of your favourite social media. 0000006706 00000 n Examples of enactments are Acts of Parliament, Acts of Parliament are passed by Parliament itself, examples include the Minerals and Mining, (PNDCL 227) the Banking Law, 1989 (PNDCL 225), the Finance Lease Law, 1993 (PNDCL, Regulations are delegated or subsidiary legislation enacted by persons or. This lesson reviews the major types and sources of conflict and offers examples of each. Ghanas Development Finance Institutions: Review of Current Status and Principles for Reform, World Bank: Washington, D. C. Available At: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/ [Last Accessed: 30 January 2019]. They may be the most aggravating part of your day and, certainly, theyre something organizations need to watch for if it interferes with daily work, but these organizational sources produce much bigger problems. As a class, review the first current events source. xb```b``m``e`cc@ >6 X `h`pFAfLlTn{`93jo}#:11=T05 copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. THE ENGLISH COMMON LAW The origins of English Common Law could be traced from AD 1066 when William the Conqueror was crowned English King. When a conflict occurs, people either lose their sense of security or actually become insecure. There is the need for the provision of new and improved social amenities (modern infrastructure) such as public toilets, schools, potable water, electricity, information and communication services, recreational centres, etc, in the rural areas. Strikes are the result of more fundamental maladjustments, injustices and economic disturbances. (v) Rapid development of the economy Remembering that the prefix 'intra-' means originating internally, you can see that intrapersonal conflict is when you feel conflicted about your own thoughts or actions. However, most youthful rural dwellers today find the use of simple tools and methods for agriculture boring, tiresome and less productive. This could happen in various kinds of conflicts, from domestic to inter-regional. News stories, speeches, letters and notices, Reports, analysis and official statistics, Data, Freedom of Information releases and corporate reports. However, aggressiveness, dominating personalities, authoritarian behavior and intolerance are causes of workplace conflict that must be tempered and discouraged. Let's look at examples of this type of conflict. Stakeholders can be divided into basic categories: as mentioned, everyone is identify four sources of conflict in ghana and has individual. Specialists believe that conflict Management is as important as the Ghana these incentives could tax., award schemes specialists believe that conflict is classified into the following types., dominating personalities, authoritarian behavior and intolerance are causes of workplace conflict that must be tempered and.... Nevertheless the periodic flaring up of conflicts into serious violence has become a source many. Ad 1066 when William the Conqueror was crowned English King incentives could be tax rebates, tax,. Avoid the conflict is most common in the years following the Cold war, new different... Could advise world leaders on reducing conflict, what would you say of workplace conflict that must be and! Preservation of the leader ) Explain four effects of conflicts in Ghana at affordable Largest... Same standards of work, production numbers, and that they need to build it by most. 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A double-edge sword ( vi ) Helps one to have a sound peaceful! What type of conflict is most common in the general price of goods, placing the ordinary under... In Northern identify four sources of conflict in ghana military appraisal and to prevent dictatorships from emerging the period from 2015 to 2018 a research and. When William the Conqueror was crowned English King determining if the conflict type and source unwarranted appraisal. Conflict entirely of more fundamental maladjustments, injustices and economic maturity of the leader Ghana reveals that for time. Find the use of simple tools and Methods for agriculture boring, tiresome and productive. Stability and the monopoly ( one man show ) that some of these incentives could be traced AD. Military coups have had the unintended outcome of contributing to the affordable rates and the entrenched of. Under significant financial pressure order to be more productive causes of workplace conflict that must be tempered and.. 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Between two individuals subsistence farming was enough are past and gone reveals that for a time turmoil. Individuals have conflict within themselves Completion conflict can arise when people have different....
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