He also assisted in the equipping of the Argentine Uruguay, which was being fitted out for the relief of the stranded Swedish Antarctic Expedition under Otto Nordenskjld. Why did Shackleton go to Antarctica? In response to his posted ad, Shackleton was supposedly flooded with 5000 responses, men clamoring to take their chances on the icy southern continent. The wreck of Sir Ernest Shackleton's wooden ship has been recovered from the ocean depths more than a century after it sank off the coast of Antarctica. [69] Fridtjof Nansen sent an effusive private letter to Emily Shackleton, praising the "unique expedition which has been such a complete success in every respect". To this end, he made preparations for what became the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 19141917. Alexander Macklin was one of two surgeons and also in charge of keeping the 70dogs healthy. It's probably fair to say that adventurer Ernest Shackleton's attempt to cross the 2,000-mile Antarctic continent in 1914 was a successful failure. At 47 years old, Shackleton was on his fourth journey to Antarctica, and the third he had led. [49], To conserve coal, the ship was towed 1,650 miles (2,655km) by the steamer Koonya to the Antarctic ice, after Shackleton had persuaded the New Zealand government and the Union Steamship Company to share the cost. Because of a generous gift from the Australian Commonwealth and the New Zealand Government, he was able to engage three additional expedition members: Bertram Armytage, T.W. The attempt this week to find Sir Ernest Shackleton's missing ship, the Endurance, has ended - without success. Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton attended Dulwich College from 1887 until 1890. But on January 5, 1922, he died of a heart attack off South Georgia and was buried on the island. Shackletons publications were The Heart of the Antarctic (1909) and South (1919), the latter an account of the Trans-Antarctic Expedition. On 9 January 1909, Shackleton and three companionsWild, Eric Marshall and Jameson Adamsreached a new Farthest South latitude of 8823'S, a point only 112 miles (180km) from the Pole. He joined the merchant navy when he was 16 and worked on many different ships. Devoted to creating a legacy, he led the Trans-Antarctic Expedition. [21] Shackleton's particular duties were listed as: "In charge of seawater analysis. [13] In August 1894, he passed his examination for second mate and accepted a post as third officer on a tramp steamer of the Welsh Shire Line. For the next two years, he kept his crew of 27 men . March 24, 2002. Ernest Shackleton, however, would not have been surprised: he edited his 1914-17 journal into the book, South!, which was published three years after he had returned from Antarctica. [73], None of these enterprises prospered, and his main source of income was his earnings from lecture tours. In the preface to his 1922 book The Worst Journey in the World, Apsley Cherry-Garrard, one of Scott's team on the Terra Nova Expedition, wrote: "For a joint scientific and geographical piece of organisation, give me Scott; for a Winter Journey, Wilson; for a dash to the Pole and nothing else, Amundsen: and if I am in the devil of a hole and want to get out of it, give me Shackleton every time". [56] Their return journey to McMurdo Sound was a race against starvation, on half-rations for much of the way. He felt certain that others would soon succeed in reaching the South Pole where he had failed having come so close, and so looked to the next goal. In August,1914, Ernest Shackleton led a team to Antarctica. In 2002, Shackleton was voted eleventh in a BBC poll of the 100 Greatest Britons. [164], In January 2016, Shackleton featured on a series of UK postage stamps issued by the Royal Mail on the centenary of the Endurance expedition. Answer and Explanation: Yes, on his third Antarctic expedition, Ernest Shackleton and his men were forced to Endurance Is Locked in by Ice The goal of expedition leader Shackleton, who had twice fallen shortonce agonizingly soof reaching the South Pole, was to establish a base on Antarctica's Weddell Sea coast. [147] Other management writers soon followed this lead, using Shackleton as an exemplar for bringing order from chaos. By early 1912, the world was aware that the pole had been conquered, by the Norwegian Roald Amundsen. Disaster struck when his ship, the Endurance, was crushed by ice. [84], Despite the outbreak of the First World War on 3 August 1914, Endurance was directed by the First Lord of the Admiralty, Winston Churchill, to "proceed",[g] and left British waters on 8 August. He later denied Scott's claim in The Voyage of the Discovery, that he had been carried on the sledge. He was sent home early due to bad health. [64][67] Shackleton was also appointed a Younger Brother of Trinity House, a significant honour for British mariners. When did Neil Scott first go to Antarctica? Ernest Henry Shackleton was born at Kilkea House, County Kildare, on February 15, 1874. [h][102][103] Not only did Shackleton recognise their value for the job but also because he knew the potential risk they were to morale. Shackleton took care of other business, rejoining Nimrod in Lyttleton, New Zealand. Shackleton suffered frostbitten fingers as a result. Shackleton led four expeditions to the Antarctic during his life. [162] This expedition was made into a documentary film,[163] screening as Chasing Shackleton on PBS in the US, and Shackleton: Death or Glory elsewhere on the Discovery Channel. [89] She drifted slowly northward with the ice through the following months. [58] Shackleton returned to the United Kingdom as a hero, and soon afterwards published his expedition account, Heart of the Antarctic. His father, Henry Shackleton, tried to enter the British Army, but his poor health prevented him from doing so. On 27 November 2011, the ashes of Frank Wild were interred on the right-hand side of Shackleton's gravesite in Grytviken. Photograph by Corbis I. [145], In 1983 the BBC produced and broadcast the miniseries Shackleton, which was released on DVD in 2017. Shackleton and Scott stayed on friendly terms, at least until the publication of Scott's account of the southern journey in The Voyage of the Discovery. [37] As the first significant person to return from the Antarctic, he found that he was in demand; in particular, the Admiralty wished to consult him about its further proposals for the rescue of Discovery. "[22], Discovery departed London on 31 July 1901, arriving at the Antarctic coast, via Cape Town and New Zealand, on 8 January 1902. "[137], Before the return of Shackleton's body to South Georgia, there was a memorial service held for him with full military honours at Holy Trinity Church, Montevideo, and on 2 March a service was held at St Paul's Cathedral, London, at which the King and other members of the royal family were represented. When spring arrived in September, the breaking of the ice and its later movements put extreme pressures on the ship's hull. October 10, 2012, 11:40 AM Live Oct. 11, 2012 -- Ernest Shackleton ought to have died on the Antarctic ice. [44] Shackleton by this time was making no secret of his ambition to return to Antarctica at the head of his own expedition. [121] He was finally discharged from the army in October 1919, retaining his rank of major. [47], On 4 August 1907, Shackleton was appointed a Member of the Royal Victorian Order, 4th Class (MVO; the present-day grade of lieutenant). Sir Ernest Shackleton's towering ambition and eagerness to explore the unknown led him to undertake the boldest adventure of his life, the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition. [110] The Yelcho took the crew first to Punta Arenas and after some days to Valparaiso in Chile where crowds warmly welcomed them back to civilisation. [33] He was in a seriously weakened condition; Wilson's diary entry for 14 January reads: "Shackleton has been anything but up to the mark, and today he is decidedly worse, very short winded and coughing constantly, with more serious symptoms that need not be detailed here but which are of no small consequence one hundred and sixty miles from the ship". Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). EXPLORERS - ROALD AMUNDSEN. Shackleton was born on 15 February 1874, in Kilkea, County Kildare, Ireland. See answer (1) Best Answer. This ignited his passion for Antarctic . Amundsen vs. Scott. [83] He ultimately selected a crew of 56, twenty-eight on each ship. While Shackleton led the expedition, Captain F. Worsley commanded the Endurance and Lieutenant J. Stenhouse the Aurora. [27] Scott chose Shackleton to accompany Wilson and himself on the expedition's southern journey, a march southwards to achieve the highest possible latitude in the direction of the South Pole. [76], Shackleton published details of his new expedition, grandly titled the "Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition", early in 1914. [105], On the following day, they were able, finally, to land on the unoccupied southern shore. [8] The young Shackleton did not particularly distinguish himself as a scholar, and was said to be "bored" by his studies. He started from England on the Endurance.In Antarctica, the ship got stuck in sea ice on January 24th.They tried their best to save the ship. [169], "Shackleton" redirects here. Why We Still Care About Ernest Shackleton and 'Endurance' - Outside Online Adventure Exploration & Survival Why We Still Care About Ernest Shackleton and 'Endurance' Three experts on. [129], Macklin, who conducted the postmortem, concluded that the cause of death was atheroma of the coronary arteries exacerbated by "overstrain during a period of debility". [66] All the members of the Nimrod Expedition shore party received silver Polar Medals on 23 November, with Shackleton receiving a clasp to his earlier medal. From October 1917 to April 2018, the explorer served the British Army during World War I. Shackleton then worked hard to persuade others of his wealthy friends and acquaintances to contribute, including Sir Philip Lee Brocklehurst, who subscribed 2,000 (approximately equivalent to 212,000 in 2019) to secure a place on the expedition;[46] author Campbell Mackellar; and Guinness baron Lord Iveagh, whose contribution was secured less than two weeks before the departure of the expedition ship Nimrod. Although he'd been sent home from the trip due to ill health, Shackleton vowed to return to the Antarctic and prove himself as a polar . Some of the polar ships were built with a hull shape that allowed them to rise up if being crushed by pack ice. A little Ernest Shackleton background. In 2017 Nancy Koehn argued that, in spite of Shackleton's mistakes, financial problems and narcissism, he developed the capability to be successful. In 1914, Shackleton set out from England to cross Antarctica on foot. In January 1908 he returned to Antarctica as leader of the British Antarctic (Nimrod) Expedition (190709). Leaving McNish, Vincent and McCarthy at the landing point on South Georgia, Shackleton travelled 32 miles (51km)[97] with Worsley and Crean over extremely dangerous mountainous terrain for 36hours to reach the whaling station at Stromness on 20 May. Why is Shackleton a hero? During the Nimrod expedition of 19071909, he and three companions established a new record Farthest South latitude at 88S, only 97geographical miles (112statute miles or 180kilometres) from the South Pole, the largest advance to the pole in exploration history. The goal was ambitious - audacious even, considering that only 10 men had ever stood at the South Pole and 5 of those had died on the way back. His first expedition, Discovery, took place between 1901 and 1903. The Endurance Expedition was a British mission to cross the Antarctic on foot in 1914-17. Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton is best known as a polar explorer who was associated with four expeditions exploring Antarctica, particularly the Trans-Antarctic (Endurance) Expedition (191416) that he led, which, although unsuccessful, became famous as a tale of remarkable perseverance and survival. [93] After failed attempts to march across the ice to this island, Shackleton decided to set up another more permanent camp (Patience Camp) on another floe, and trust to the drift of the ice to take them towards a safe landing. The Shackleton family are of English origin, specifically from Yorkshire. [127] The expedition left England on 24 September 1921. King Edward VII received him on 10 July and raised him to a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order;[62][63] in the King's Birthday Honours list in November, he was made a knight, becoming Sir Ernest Shackleton. This march was not a serious attempt on the Pole, although the attainment of a high latitude was of great importance to Scott, and the inclusion of Shackleton indicated a high degree of personal trust. Sadly, the expedition was a complete failure. [166][167] In 2017, the musical play Ernest Shackleton Loves Me by Val Vigoda and Joe DiPietro made its debut in New York City at the Tony Kiser Theater, an off-Broadway venue. What is Ernest Shackleton best known for? Born on February 15, 1874 - Sir Ernest Shackleton was an Anglo-Irish explorer who led a total of three voyages to Antarctica. [143] Within a few years, he was thoroughly overtaken in public esteem by Shackleton, whose popularity surged while that of his erstwhile rival declined. He attempted a fourth Antarctic expedition, called the Shackleton-Rowett Antarctic Expedition, aboard the Quest in 1921, which had the goal of circumnavigating the continent. The wreck of Endurance was discovered just over a century later. When Sir Ernest Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition left South Georgia Island on 5 December 1914 to assist his bid to be the first to cross the Antarctic continent, he had no idea that a year and a half later he would end up on a rescue mission trekking across the very same subantarctic island where he started. In the period immediately after his return, Shackleton engaged in a strenuous schedule of public appearances, lectures and social engagements. The "Great Southern Journey",[54] as Frank Wild called it, began on 29 October 1908. It was named after Shackleton'sfamily motto: "Fortitudine vincimus" (By endurance we conquer). Where did Ernest Shackleton attend school? In October 2015, Shackleton's decorations and medals were auctioned; the sale raised 585,000. [116], Shackleton was specially appointed a temporary major on 22 July 1918. [40] On 9 April 1904, he married Emily Dorman, with whom he had three children: Raymond, Cecily, and Edward, himself an explorer and later a politician.[41]. Instead, he is a hero, the leader who saved his men on one of the most horrific voyages of exploration of the 20th century. Ernest H. Shackleton 1874-1922. READ MORE: The Stunning Survival Story of Ernest Shackleton and His Endurance Crew After the ship sank, the crew dragged their lifeboats a few miles and then camped on the ice for four more months . [27][28], The party set out on 2 November 1902. Partly this was in search of better professional prospects for the newly qualified doctor, but another factor may have been unease about their Anglo-Irish ancestry, following the assassination by Irish nationalists of Lord Frederick Cavendish, the British Chief Secretary for Ireland, in 1882. Literature, too, consisted in the dissection, the parsing, the analysing of certain passages from our great poets and prose-writers teachers should be very careful not to spoil [their pupils'] taste for poetry for all time by making it a task and an imposition. Edgeworth David, and Douglas Mawson. His . When famed Antarctic explorer Ernest Shackleton and his crew boarded the Endurance for their fateful 1914-1916 Imperial Trans-Continental Expedition, they probably never imagined their ship's name to be quite so ominous. McIlroy was head of the scientific staff, which included Wordie. Educated at Dulwich College (188790), Shackleton entered the mercantile marine service in 1890 and became a sublieutenant in the Royal Naval Reserve in 1901. On 9 April, their ice floe broke into two, and Shackleton ordered the crew into the lifeboats and to head for the nearest land. Sir Ernest Shackleton, the intrepid explorer, is best remembered for embarking on a fateful voyage aboard the Endurance in a bid to cross the Antarctic. [120] Shackleton returned to England in early March 1919, full of plans for the economic development of Northern Russia. Scott wrote: "He ought not to risk further hardship in his present state of health. The inscription on the rough-hewn granite block set to mark the spot reads: "Frank Wild 18731939, Shackleton's right-hand man. The harrowing tale of British explorer Ernest Shackleton's 1914 attempt to reach the South Pole, one of the greatest adventure stories of the modern age. Deep in the Weddell Sea, conditions gradually grew worse until, on 19 January 1915, Endurance became frozen fast in an ice floe. On 24 October, water began pouring in. November 1st 1915 - After an attempt to march with boats and sleds, "Ocean Camp" is established a mile and a half from the Endurance. Shackleton refused to pack supplies for more than four weeks, knowing that if they did not reach South Georgia within that time, the boat and its crew would be lost. [20] Shackleton accepted this, even though his own background and instincts favoured a different, more informal style of leadership. [94] By 17 March, their ice camp was within 60 miles (97km) of Paulet Island;[95] however, separated by impassable ice, they were unable to reach it. Why is Shackleton famous? But when ice trapped his ship Endurance, his mission instantly changed from exploration to pure survival. On the Endurance, the second in command was the experienced explorer Frank Wild. Ernest Shackleton's Endurance expedition was the remarkable final chapter in the Heroic Age of Exploration. [2][3], Away from his expeditions, Shackleton's life was generally restless and unfulfilled. [148], The Centre for Leadership Studies at the University of Exeter offers a course on Shackleton, who also features in the management education programmes of several American universities. Meanwhile, a second ship, the Aurora, would take a supporting party under Captain Aeneas Mackintosh to McMurdo Sound on the opposite side of the continent. [42] He also ventured into politics, unsuccessfully standing in the 1906 General Election as the Liberal Unionist Party's candidate for Dundee constituency in opposition to Irish Home Rule. (Ernest Shackleton) (Perce Blackborow) Suggested answers: Shackleton:"Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn't qualified." From the sentence we can infer that Shackleton was a responsible leader.Obviously he really needed people to work for him,but the expedition was very . April 24th 1916 - Shackleton and 5 others set off in the James Caird for South Georgia.Sir Ernest Shackleton, Endurance Voyage. They sailed from London on Friday, August 1, 1914, and anchored off Southend all Saturday. [51] Nimrod arrived at McMurdo Sound on 29 January, but was stopped by ice 16 miles (26km) north of Discovery's old base at Hut Point. In 1901 he got a place on Captain Robert Falcon Scott 's first Antarctic expedition. [61], On Shackleton's return home, public honours were quickly forthcoming. [97] This was the first time they had stood on solid ground for 497days. [150], Shackleton's death marked the end of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration, a period of discovery characterised by journeys of geographical and scientific exploration in a largely unknown continent without any of the benefits of modern travel methods or radio communication. [136] Lady Shackleton survived her husband by 14 years, dying in 1936. Devoted to creating a legacy, he led the Trans-Antarctic. They set sail again on New Year's Day, 1908. On 4 February 1903, the party finally reached the ship. In 1914, Ernest Shackleton was determined to walk across Antarctica. Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton CVO OBE FRGS FRSGS (15 February 1874 - 5 January 1922) was an Anglo-Irish Antarctic explorer who led three British expeditions to the Antarctic.He was one of the principal figures of the period known as the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration.. Born in Kilkea, County Kildare, Ireland, Shackleton and his Anglo-Irish family moved to Sydenham in suburban south London . He planned to cross Antarctica from a base on the Weddell Sea to McMurdo Sound, via the South Pole, but the expedition ship Endurance was trapped in ice off the Caird coast and drifted for 10 months before being crushed in the pack ice. Launched in August 1914, the expedition became one of the most famous survival stories of all time after . This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ernest-Henry-Shackleton, Historic UK - Sir Ernest Shackleton and Endurance, Dictionary of Irish Biography - Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton, National Library of Scotland - Biography of Ernest Shackleton, Ernest Henry Shackleton - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Ernest Shackleton - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Ernest Shackleton's South Pole expedition, British Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition. Earnest Shackleton first went to. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 10 December 2011 (M.P.C. But he is best known for his heroic leadership after his ship, Endurance, became trapped in pack ice at the start of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914-17. By ZOE MAGEE and MARLEI MARTINEZ. Shackleton's first solo expedition Wiki User. Why did Sir Ernest Shackleton go to Antarctica? [79], His interviewing and selection methods sometimes seemed eccentric; believing that character and temperament were as important as technical ability,[80] he asked unconventional questions. All episodes. [156] Asteroid 289586 Shackleton, discovered by Swiss amateur astronomer Michel Ory in 2005, was named in his memory. This disparity continued into the 1950s. Also, members of his team climbed Mount Erebus, the most active Antarctic volcano. [a][30] The journey was marred by the poor performance of the dogs, whose food had become tainted, and who rapidly fell sick. [106] For their journey, the survivors were only equipped with boots they had pushed screws into to act as climbing boots, a carpenter's adze, and 50feet of rope. The Trans-Antarctic Expedition 1914-1917 . Omissions? In January 2013, a joint British-Australian team set out to duplicate Shackleton's 1916 trip across the Southern Ocean. Another noted British explorer, Sir Ernest Shackleton, never reached the South Pole. [25], According to steward Clarence Hare, he was "the most popular of the officers among the crew, being a good mixer",[26] though claims that this represented an unofficial rival leadership to Scott's are unsupported. Unqualified as a diplomat, he was unsuccessful in persuading Argentina and Chile to enter the war on the Allied side. [8] Four years later, the family moved again, from Ireland to Sydenham in suburban London. [104] The James Caird was launched on 24 April 1916; during the next fifteen days, it sailed through the waters of the southern ocean, at the mercy of the stormy seas, in constant peril of capsizing. [14] Following the outbreak of the Boer War in 1899, Shackleton transferred to the troopship Tintagel Castle where, in March 1900, he met an army lieutenant, Cedric Longstaff, whose father Llewellyn W. Longstaff was the main financial backer of the National Antarctic Expedition then being organised in London. 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