King, on charges of treason, murder, arson, burglary, robbery, larceny and perjury. Tensions rose in Clay County as the Mormon population grew. Joseph Fielding Smith - Mormon Pioneer Trail [1] Joseph Fielding Smith, sixth president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and the nephew of its founder, Joseph Smith, was born in Far West, Missouri, on 13 November 1838. Although county officials could only legally act within the county, this judge authorized Hinkle to defend Latter Day Saint settlements in neighboring Daviess County. "Porter Rockwell". Lucas tried Joseph Smith and other Mormon leaders by court martial on November 1, the evening of the surrender. The Missourians had the advantage of position and fired, but the Mormons continued to advance. On the Mormon side, Gideon Carter was killed in the battle and nine other Mormons were wounded, including Patten, who soon after died from his wounds. A Militia under the command of Samuel Bogart was authorized by General Atchison to patrol the no-man's land between Ray and Caldwell Counties known as "Bunkham's Strip" an unincorporated territory 6 miles (9.7km) east to west and 1-mile (1.6km) north to south. On Sunday, October 14, a small company of state militia under the command of Colonel William A. Dunn of Clay County arrived in Far West. Missouri-Mormon Experience (1831-1839) and its War of 1838 . Back in 1987, Steve wrote an amazing book called The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. I will not obey your order. . Today, Mormonism is one of the most widely accepted religions in the US. Agitation against the Latter Day Saints had become particularly fierce in the sparsely settled counties north and east of Caldwell County. At 8:00am, Joseph sent word to Far West to surrender.[88]. Ironically, as a result of his kindness, he was the only Mormon who was positively identified to have participated in the home burnings. McBrier's house was among those burned. The state militia broke ranks and fled across the river. In 1838, however, the state of Missouri entered into a full-scale war against the Mormons. "[78] The mob gave no quarter. Finding 10-year-old Sardius Smith hiding behind the bellows, William Reynolds of Livingston County shot and killed the boy, saying: "Nits will make lice, and if he had lived he would have become a Mormon"[79], In all, 17 Latter Day Saints were killed in what came to be called the Haun's Mill Massacre. During the conflict, 22 people were killed (three Mormons and one non-Mormon at Battle of Crooked Creek,[1] one Mormon prisoner fatally injured while in custody,[2] and 17 Mormons at Hauns Mill[3]), and an unknown number of non-combatants died due to exposure and hardship as a result of being expelled from their homes in Missouri. [109][110] Judge Austin A King, who had been assigned the cases of the Mormons charged with offenses during the conflict, warned "If you once think to plant crops or to occupy your lands any longer than the first of April, the citizens will be upon you: they will kill you every one, men, women and children."[13]. "[30] The text of this speech was endorsed by Joseph Smith, who appeared at the event and participated in the raising of a liberty pole. Ironically, as a result of his kindness, he was the only Mormon who was positively identified to have participated in the home burnings. Exaggerated initial reports indicated that nearly all of Bogart's company had been killed. A company under the command of Captain Samuel Bogart was ordered to patrol the no-man's land between Ray and Caldwell Counties, in an effort to stop armed persons from Caldwell County from invading Ray County. [48][49], General David R. Atchison wrote a letter to Governor Lilburn Boggs on October 16, 1838. A valuable contribution to the study of the Mormon War is A Call to Arms: The 1838 Mormon Defense of Northern Missouri (Dissertations in Latter-day Saint history) by Alexander L. Baugh (Provo, Utah: Joseph Fielding Smith Institute for Latter-day Saint History and BYU Studies, 2000). The Mormon War literallty changed the course of Missouri history.Caldwell and Daviess counties were carved out of the frontier specifically for Mormon settlers experiencing problems in Ray and other organized counties. Sheriff Morgan was ridden through town on an iron bar, and died shortly afterward from the injuries he suffered during the ride. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. According to Hinkle, Smith wanted a treaty with the Missourians "on any terms short of battle". You can also get a slight stat buff from the equipment investments. According to Latter Day Saint witness Reed Peck, when Smith was told that the Mormons would be expected to leave the state, he replied that "he did not care" and that he would be glad to get out of the "damnable state" anyway. [55] The Missourians and their families, outnumbered by the Mormons, made their way to neighboring counties. [16] Mormons had already begun buying land in the proposed Caldwell County, including areas that were carved off to become parts of Ray and Daviess Counties. He stated that General Parks reported to him that "a portion of the men from Carroll County, with one piece of artillery, are on their march for Daviess County, where it is thought the same lawless game is to be played over, and the Mormons to be driven from that county and probably from Caldwell County." At issue were not only religious differences, but also . [57] Even Mormon leader Parley P Pratt conceded that some burnings had been done by Mormons. [57] According to one witness, "We could stand in our door and see houses burning every night for over two weeks the Mormons completely gutted Daviess County. It's not easy to make a major change and make it stick. Judge Josiah Morin and Samuel McBrier, both considered friendly to the Mormons, both fled Daviess County after being threatened. Install. [26][28][29], On July 4, Sidney Rigdon gave an oration, which was characterized by Mormon historian Brigham Henry Roberts as a "'Declaration of Independence' from all mobs and persecutions. Hinkle and Murdock refused, citing their right as American citizens to settle where they pleased. [96][97], During a transfer to another prison in the spring of 1839, Smith escaped. Also, the War Maniac investment under the Advanced Arms Category can increase your troop attack. DeVoto, Bernard (2000). Most of these refugees settled in or near what would become the city of Nauvoo, Illinois. Tensions built up between the rapidly growing Mormon community and the earlier settlers for a number of reasons: These tensions led to harassment and mob violence against the Mormon settlers. In 1834, Mormons attempted to effect a return to Jackson County with a quasi-military expedition known as Zion's Camp, but this effort also failed when the governor failed to provide the expected support.[14]. Joseph Smith, returning to Far West from De Witt, was informed by General Doniphan of the deteriorating situation. Back in 1987, Steve wrote an amazing book called The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. The Mormons were evicted from Jackson County in 1833 and resettled in new counties nearby, where tensions grew again and attempts to evict them resumed. All of the conflicts in the Mormon War occurred in a corridor 100 miles (160km) to the east and northeast of Kansas City, Missouri. "[62] Some Latter-day Saints claimed that some of the Missourians burned their own homes in order to blame the Mormons. ISBN-10: 0826207294. The soldiers also turned their horses into our fields of corn.[92][93]. [53][56] Millport, Grindstone Fork and the smaller Missourian settlement of Splawn's Ridge were also plundered and had some houses burned. They committed a form ritualized murder known as Blood Atonement. [21], The earlier settlers saw expansion of Mormon communities outside of Caldwell County as a political and economic threat. [89][90] Colonel Hinkle stated that the Latter Day Saints would help bring to justice those Mormons who had violated the law, but he protested that the other terms were illegal and unconstitutional. . King, judge of the Fifth judicial circuit of the state of Missouri, at the Court-house in Richmond, in a criminal court of inquiry, begun November 12, 1838, on the trial of Joseph Smith, Jr., and others, for high treason and other crimes against the state. The question of whether or not Mormons should be allowed to settle in the county was placed on the August 6 ballot; a heavy majority favored expulsion of the Mormons. The Livingston men became thoroughly imbued with the same spirit, and were eager for the raid feel[ing] an extraordinary sympathy for the outrages suffered by their neighbors[80], Although it had just been issued, it is unlikely that the governor's "Extermination Order" would have already reached these men, and in any event it would not have authorized them to cross into Caldwell County to raid. In the summer and fall of 1838, animosity between Mormons and their neighbors in western Missouri erupted into an armed conflict known as the Mormon War. [20] Mormons felt that the compromise only excluded major settlements in Clay County and Ray County, not Daviess County and Carroll County. [37], Black and others filed complaints against Smith and the other identifiable Mormon participants. When the Mormons arrived on the scene, the state militia unit was camped along Crooked River in the Bunkham's Strip just south of Caldwell County. When faced with the Mormon refugees from Missouri, the people of Quincy, Illinois, were outraged by the treatment the Mormons had experienced. On August 19, 1838, Mormon settler Smith Humphrey reports that 100 armed men led by Colonel William Claude Jones took him prisoner for two hours and threatened him and the rest of the Mormon community.[43]. However, Reynolds was unable to capture Rockwell. Doniphan already had troops raised to prevent fighting between Mormons and anti-Mormons in Daviess County. [13][42], Sentiment among the anti-Mormon segment of Carroll County's population hardened, and some began to take up arms. Details; Description; Reviews; Author: Stephen C. LeSueur. Mormon vigilantes, including many Danites, raided two towns believed to be centers of anti-Mormon activity, burning homes and stealing goods.22 Though . The Far West militia was marched out of the city and forced to turn over their weapons to General Lucas. New converts to Mormonism continued to relocate to Missouri and settle in Clay County. It did not matter whether or not the Mormons at [Haun's] mill had taken any part in the disturbance which had occurred [in Daviess County]; it was enough that they were Mormons. [31], In the speech, Rigdon declared that the Latter-day Saints would no longer be driven from their homes by persecution from without or dissension from within, and that if enemies came again to drive out the Saints, "And that mob that comes on us to disturb us, it shall be between us and them a war of extermination; for we will follow them until the last drop of their blood is spilled; or else they will have to exterminate us, for we will carry the seat of war to their own houses and their own families, and one party or the other shall be utterly destroyed". After the inquiry, all but a few of the Mormon prisoners were released, but Joseph Smith, Sidney Rigdon, Lyman Wight, Caleb Baldwin, Hyrum Smith and Alexander McRae were held in the Liberty Jail in Liberty, Clay County on charges of treason against the state, murder, arson, burglary, robbery and larceny. With one child in each arm, she waded across an icy creek to safety in Adam-ondi-Ahman. 1838 Mormon War - WikiMili, The Free Encyclopedia - WikiMili, The Free Encyclopedia The specific dates of the war are from August 6, 1838, (the Gallatin election battle) to November 1, 1838, when Joseph Smith surrendered at Far West. ", http://www.sos.mo.gov/archives/resources/findingaids/miscMormonRecords.asp?rec=doc, http://books.google.com/books?id=TcfYO8JFElcC, "An appeal to the American people: being an account of the persecutions of the Church of Latter Day Saints, and of the barbarities inflicted on them by the inhabitants of the state of Missouri", http://patriot.lib.byu.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/NCMP1820-1846&CISOPTR=2837&REC=4, "Mormonism in All Ages; or the Rise, Progress and Causes of Mormonism; with the Biography of Its Author and Founder, Joseph Smith, Jr", http://ia600401.us.archive.org/31/items/mormonisminalla00turn/mormonisminalla00turn.pdf, Mel Tungate's Battle of Crooked River sources website, History of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Volume 2 Chapter 11, Length of U.S. participation in major wars, Mormons stripped of property and expelled from Missouri. Office of the Secretary of State of Missouri (1841). [101], The defendants, consisting of about 60 men including Joseph Smith and Sidney Rigdon, were turned over to a civil court of inquiry in Richmond under Judge Austin A. On August 6, 1838, the war began following a brawl at an election in Gallatin, resulting in increased organized violence between Mormons and non-Mormons backed by the Missouri Volunteer Militia in northwestern Missouri. [40][41] Samuel Bogart.jpg 526 703; 168 KB. Address to All Believers in Christ (An) Address to All Believers in the Book of Mormon (An) The group and their murder/revenge tactics are surrounded in some historical mystery. Members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints live freely and happily among their neighbors, sharing smiles and goodwill with everyone they see. The 1838 Mormon War, also known as the Missouri Mormon War, was a conflict between Mormons and non-Mormons in Missouri from August to November 1838, the fi. [1], Meanwhile, a group of non-Mormons from Clinton, Platte, and other counties began to harass Mormons in Daviess County, burning outlying homes and plundering property. Around 200 non-Mormons gathered in Gallatin on election day to prevent Mormons from voting. [61], Many Latter Day Saints were greatly troubled by the occurrences. To do so, would be to act with extreme cruelty. . [17] They had also founded the Caldwell County town of Far West as their Missouri headquarters. ndice 1 Antecedentes There was scarcely a Missourian's home left standing in the county. "[27][37] Black later confirmed that he had felt threatened by the large number of hostile armed men. Several Mormon homes near Millport were burned and their inhabitants expelled into the snow. Lathrop's wife and remaining children died shortly after their rescue. During early Mormon history, there was a band of clandestine assassins known as the "Danites" or the "Sons of Dan". Citizens in Saline, Howard, Jackson, Chariton, Ray, and other nearby counties organized vigilance committees sympathetic to the Carroll County expulsion party. Contents 1 Background 2 Compromise breaks down, 1838 3 Salt Sermon and Danites 4 The Election Day Battle at Gallatin 5 Mormons expelled from De Witt 6 Daviess County expedition 6.1 Marsh affidavit 7 Battle of Crooked River [27] Two days after Rigdon preached his Salt Sermon, 80 prominent Mormons, including Hyrum Smith, signed the so-called Danite Manifesto, which warned the dissenters to "depart or a more fatal calamity shall befall you". [89] Smith believed that Hinkle had betrayed him,[92] but Hinkle maintained his innocence and claimed that he was following Smith's orders. [100], General Clark viewed Executive Order 44 as having been fulfilled by the agreement of the Mormons to evacuate the state the following spring. [19], In the eyes of many non-Mormon citizens (including Alexander Doniphan),[10] these settlements outside of Caldwell County were a violation of the compromise. [23] These "dissenters," as they came to be called, owned a significant amount of land in Caldwell County, much of which was purchased when they were acting as agents for the church. Mormon War vigilantes Missouri Extermination Order Utah War LDS enforcers Mormon War of 1838 The Mormon War is a name sometimes given to the 1838 conflict which occurred between Latter Day Saints (Mormons) and their neighbors in the northwestern region of the US state of Missouri. [12], At the same time, a leadership struggle between the church presidency and Missouri leaders led to the excommunication of several high-placed Mormon leaders, including Oliver Cowdery (one of the Three Witnesses and the church's original "second elder"), David Whitmer (another of the Three Witnesses and Stake President of the Missouri Church), as well as John Whitmer, Hiram Page, William Wines Phelps and others. New converts to Mormonism continued to relocate to Missouri and settle in Clay County. The Mormons believedafter a revelation recorded on June 6, 1831that if they were righteous they would inherit the land held by others ("which is now the land of your enemies") in Missouri. Executive paralysis permitted terrorism, which forced Mormons to self-defense, which was immediately labeled as an "insurrection", and was put down by the activated militia of the county. Journal History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Mormon War Date August 6 - November 1, 1838 Location Northwest Missouri, United States Result Mormons stripped of property and expelled from Missouri Once Latter-day Saints were disarmed, mounted squads visited Mormon settlements with threats and enough beatings and destruction of homes to force flight. Latter-day Saint Albert Perry Rockwood, writing from Far West, estimated on November 11 that about 30 Mormons had been killed. [70], When the Mormons arrived on the scene, the State Militia unit was camped along Crooked River in the Bunkham's Strip just south of Caldwell County. Citizen groups and vigilantes meet in upper counties and resolve to assist Daviess and Carroll counties in bringing alleged Mormon criminals to justice. [95], Joseph Smith Jr attempted to negotiate with Lucas, but it became clear that Lucas considered his conditions to be non-negotiable. Sunday, June 5, 2016. Although Mormons won the battle, they took heavier casualties than the Missourians. AbeBooks.com: The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri (Volume 1) (9780826207296) by LeSueur, Stephen C. and a great selection of similar New, Used and Collectible Books available now at great prices. In mid-September 1838, Brigadier General Alexander Doniphan and his militia troops successfully disbanded and dispersed vigilantes in Daviess County , Missouri. [74], Most Mormons gathered to Far West and Adam-ondi-Ahman for protection. Of the Missourians, only one, Moses Rowland, was killed. Sampson Avard (October 23, 1800 - April 15, 1869) was one of the founders and leaders of the Mormon vigilantes known as the Danites . Between August and November of 1838, the Mormons and non-Mormons of Missouri got into a pretty serious conflict. Most refugees made their way east to Illinois, where residents of the town of Quincy helped them. Mormon settlement increased as hundreds of members from Kirtland and elsewhere poured into Missouri. "[48][49], On October 9, A C Caldwell returned to De Witt to report that the Governor's response was that the "quarrel was between the Mormons and the mob" and that they should fight it out.[48]. One key skirmish was the Battle of Crooked River, which involved Missouri state troops and a group of Saints. General Parks arrived with the Ray County militia on October 6, but his order to disperse was ignored by the mob. [27] Two days after Rigdon preached his Salt Sermon, 80 prominent Mormons including Hyrum Smith signed the so-called Danite Manifesto, which warned the dissenters to "depart or a more fatal calamity shall befall you." "[46] After more than a week, a company of armed Mormons assisted Lathrop in rescuing his wife and two of his children (one had died while prisoner). [13] Latter Day Saint refugees began to flee to Adam-ondi-Ahman for protection and shelter against the upcoming winter. By. Rumors among both parties spread that there were casualties in the conflict. Boggs held strong preconceptions against the Mormons, dating from the time when both he and they had lived in Jackson County. "[81] Other Latter Day Saint witnesses remembered that Smith said to "beg like a dog for peace. One of the Mormons present, Samuel Brown, claimed that Peniston's statements were false and then declared his intention to vote. [63] None of these claims, however, purport to be eyewitness accounts. And Subsequent Expulsion. On October 11, Mormon leaders agreed to abandon the settlement and move to Caldwell County. ISBN-13: 9780826207296. Hola Elige tu direccin Libros . General Parks arrived with the Ray County militia on October 6, but his order to disperse was ignored by the mob. [71] According to one Mormon witness, the deaths "threw a gloom over the whole place".[72]. . Colonel Hinkle and Mormons of the Caldwell County militia were joined by elements of the Danite organization. [66] According to one Latter Day Saint witness, the deaths "threw a gloom over the whole place."[67]. Two members of the Far West High Council, George M. Hinkle and John Murdock, were sent to take possession of the town and to begin to colonize it. Hyrum Smith, Brigham Young, and other leaders left at Far West warned the veterans of Crooked River to flee. The Mormons' economic cohesion allowed for them to dominate the local economy and also became a large voting bloc, threatening the interests of the . Possibly playing on Rigdon's July 4 sermon that talked of a "war of extermination", Boggs issued Missouri Executive Order 44, also known as the "Extermination Order", on October 27, which stated that "the Mormons must be treated as enemies, and must be exterminated or driven from the State if necessary for the public peace"[76] The Extermination Order was finally rescinded on June 25, 1976, by Governor Christopher Samuel "Kit" Bond.[77][78]. 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