From east to west it stretches almost 4,700 miles (7,560 kilometers) across six time zones. Canada is bordered by non-contiguous US state of Alaska in the northwest and by 12 other US states in the south. [269] Canada has a strong cooperative banking sector, with the world's highest per-capita membership in credit unions. Indigenous peoples have continuously inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years. More details on the reporting schedule. COVID-19 vaccines have helped protect us. A booster dose can help strengthen our protection against severe forms of COVID-19 Report a problem or mistake on this page. General elections in Canada must be called by the governor general, triggered by either the advice of the prime minister or a lost confidence vote in the House. In my time at Caada College, I had the amazing opportunity to grow as a leader. English and French are its [189] Canada's three territories also have legislatures, but these are not sovereign and have fewer constitutional responsibilities than the provinces. [309], Healthcare in Canada is delivered through the provincial and territorial systems of publicly funded health care, informally called Medicare. [86] The Conscription Crisis of 1917 erupted when the Unionist Cabinet's proposal to augment the military's dwindling number of active members with conscription was met with vehement objections from French-speaking Quebecers. [180], Canada has a parliamentary system within the context of a constitutional monarchythe monarchy of Canada being the foundation of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. [63] Immigration resumed at a higher level, with over 960,000 arrivals from Britain between 1815 and 1850. [442] In addition to the CBC, some provincial governments offer their own public educational TV broadcast services as well, such as TVOntario and Tl-Qubec. January 16, 2023, 3:32 p.m. EST. Its land reaches from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west. [191] The Prime Minister's Office (PMO) is thus one of the most powerful institutions in government, initiating most legislation for parliamentary approval and selecting for appointment by the Crown, besides the aforementioned, the governor general, lieutenant governors, senators, federal court judges, and heads of Crown corporations and government agencies. [11] In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada. [76][77] This period of westward expansion and nation building resulted in the displacement of many Indigenous peoples of the Canadian Prairies to "Indian reserves",[78] clearing the way for ethnic European block settlements. [54] Mainland Nova Scotia came under British rule with the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht, and Canada and most of New France came under British rule in 1763 after the Seven Years' War. [85] Despite another Conscription Crisis in Quebec in 1944, Canada finished the war with a large army and strong economy. Canada also has a sizeable manufacturing sector centred in southern Ontario and Quebec, with automobiles and aeronautics representing particularly important industries. [275], In 2019, Canada spent approximately $40.3billion on domestic research and development, of which over $7billion was provided by the federal and provincial governments. [81] The federal government did provide emergency relief, on condition of the Indigenous peoples moving to the reserves. Canada has ten provinces and three territories that are sub-national administrative divisions under the jurisdiction of the Canadian Constitution.In the 1867 Canadian Confederation, three provinces of British North AmericaNew Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and the Province of Canada (which upon Confederation was divided into Ontario and Quebec)united to form a federation, [235] As this was the first UN peacekeeping mission, Pearson is often credited as the inventor of the concept. [475], Canada has enjoyed success both at the Winter Olympics and at the Summer Olympics,[476] though particularly the Winter Games as a "winter sports nation", and has hosted several high-profile international sporting events such as the 1976 Summer Olympics,[477] the 1988 Winter Olympics,[478] the 2010 Winter Olympics[479][480] and the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup. [80] The Indigenous peoples saw widespread famine and disease due to the loss of the bison and their traditional hunting lands. Moving between provinces. [116] Canada sent troops to Afghanistan in 2001 but declined to join the United Statesled invasion of Iraq in 2003. Virtual Tour Schedule a Tour. [216] Canada is also a member of various other international and regional organizations and forums for economic and cultural affairs. As a consequence of various armed conflicts, France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763. [265] The Automotive Products Trade Agreement of 1965 opened Canada's borders to trade in the automobile manufacturing industry. It is the second largest country in the world, but it has only one-half of one percent of the world's population. 4,524,782. [29] As a consequence of European colonization, the Indigenous population declined by forty to eighty percent, and several First Nations, such as the Beothuk, disappeared. [430], Numerous Canadian authors have accumulated international literary awards,[431] including novelist, poet, and literary critic Margaret Atwood, who received two Booker Prizes;[432] Nobel laureate Alice Munro, who has been called the best living writer of short stories in English;[433] and Booker Prize recipient Michael Ondaatje, who wrote the novel The English Patient, which was adapted as a film of the same name that won the Academy Award for Best Picture. [321] Canada has one of the highest rates of adult obesity among Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, contributing to approximately 2.7million cases of diabetes (types 1 and 2 combined). [259] The Toronto Stock Exchange is the ninth-largest stock exchange in the world by market capitalization, listing over 1,500 companies with a combined market capitalization of over US$2trillion. [94] After two referendums, Newfoundlanders voted to join Canada in 1949 as a province. [10] Cartier later used the word Canada to refer not only to that particular village but to the entire area subject to Donnacona (the chief at Stadacona);[10] by 1545, European books and maps had begun referring to this small region along the Saint Lawrence River as Canada. [106] The radical Front de libration du Qubec (FLQ) ignited the October Crisis with a series of bombings and kidnappings in 1970[107] and the sovereignist Parti Qubcois was elected in 1976, organizing an unsuccessful referendum on sovereignty-association in 1980. [103][104] In 1999, Nunavut became Canada's third territory after a series of negotiations with the federal government. The vast Athabasca oil sands and other oil reserves give Canada 13percent of global oil reserves, comprising the world's third-largest share after Venezuela and Saudi Arabia. [134] Canada is geologically active, having many earthquakes and potentially active volcanoes, notably Mount Meager massif, Mount Garibaldi, Mount Cayley, and the Mount Edziza volcanic complex. WebImmigrate to work and live in Canada . [223] Canada joined the Organization of American States (OAS) in 1990 and hosted the OAS General Assembly in 2000 and the 3rd Summit of the Americas in 2001. This fact, coupled with the grandeur of the landscape, has been central to the sense of Canadian [141] These ecozones encompass over 80,000 classified species of Canadian wildlife, with an equal number yet to be formally recognized or discovered. [301][302] A record number of 405,000 immigrants were admitted to Canada in 2021. Chris Bolin/The Globe and Mail. The earliest work of patriotic music in Canada, "The Bold Canadian", was written in 1812. [450], The Canadian government has played a role in the development of Canadian culture through the department of Canadian Heritage, by giving grants to art galleries,[451] as well as establishing and funding art schools and colleges across the country, and through the Canada Council for the Arts (established in 1957), the national public arts funder, helping artists, art galleries and periodicals, and thus contributing to the development of Canada's cultural works. The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court and final arbiter and has been led since December 18, 2017, by Richard Wagner, the chief justice of Canada. [44] The early 16th century saw European mariners with navigational techniques pioneered by the Basque and Portuguese establish seasonal whaling and fishing outposts along the Atlantic coast. [18] St. John's Island (now Prince Edward Island) became a separate colony in 1769. WebBanff National Park. WebCanada. [65] Infectious diseases killed between 25 and 33 percent of Europeans who immigrated to Canada before 1891. Banff National Park. [87] The Military Service Act brought in compulsory military service, though it, coupled with disputes over French language schools outside Quebec, deeply alienated Francophone Canadians and temporarily split the Liberal Party. [99], Finally, another series of constitutional conferences resulted in the UK's Canada Act 1982, the patriation of Canada's constitution from the United Kingdom, concurrent with the creation of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. COVID-19 vaccines have helped protect us. Ottawa is its capital and Toronto is its largest city. Using its spending powers, the federal government can initiate national policies in provincial areas such as health and child care; the provinces can opt out of these cost-share programs but rarely do so in practice. The maple leaf is depicted on Canada's current and previous flags, and on the Arms of Canada. [152] Canada's oldest provincial park, Algonquin Provincial Park, established in 1893, covers an area of 7,653.45 square kilometres (2,955.01sqmi). [463], Patriotic music in Canada dates back over 200 years as a distinct category from British patriotism, preceding Canadian Confederation by over 50 years. [458] Government support programs, such as the Canada Music Fund, assist a wide range of musicians and entrepreneurs who create, produce and market original and diverse Canadian music. Ontario. [318] Just over 60,000 children are homeschooled in the country as of 2016. [465] The official national anthem, "O Canada", was originally commissioned by the lieutenant governor of Quebec, Thodore Robitaille, for the 1880 St. Jean-Baptiste Day ceremony and was officially adopted in 1980. [308] The most densely populated part of the country, accounting for nearly 50 percent, is the Quebec CityWindsor Corridor in Southern Quebec and Southern Ontario along the Great Lakes and the Saint Lawrence River. Given its abundant natural resources, highly skilled labor force, and modern capital stock, Canada enjoyed solid economic growth from 1993 through 2007. [413] Canadian humour is an integral part of the Canadian identity and is reflected in its folklore, literature, music, art, and media. WebImmigrate to work and live in Canada . See the State Departments travel website for the Worldwide Caution and Travel Advisories. [387], According to the 2021 census, Christianity is the largest religion in Canada, with Roman Catholics having the most adherents. English and French are its official languages. [359] In 1961, about 300,000 people, less than two percent of Canada's population, were members of visible minority groups. WebCOVID-19 in Canada. [162][163] Peace, order, and good government, alongside an Implied Bill of Rights, are founding principles of the Canadian government. The country's head of government is the prime minister, who holds office by virtue of their ability to command the confidence of the elected House of Commons, and is appointed by the governor general, representing the monarch of Canada, the head of state. The United States and Canada traded goods and services of $680 billion in 2017 more than $1.8 billion per day. [184][188][189] The use of the executive powers is directed by the Cabinet, a committee of ministers of the Crown responsible to the elected House of Commons and chosen and headed by the prime minister (at present Justin Trudeau),[190] the head of government. [393][394], Canada's culture draws influences from its broad range of constituent nationalities, and policies that promote a "just society" are constitutionally protected. [260], In 2021, Canadian trade in goods and services reached $2.016trillion. WebLearn about Canadas response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. [355], Between 2011 and 2016, the visible minority population rose by 18.4percent. [276] As of 2020[update], the country has produced fifteen Nobel laureates in physics, chemistry, and medicine,[277] and was ranked fourth worldwide for scientific research quality in a major 2012 survey of international scientists. [395][396][397] Canada has placed emphasis on equality and inclusiveness for all its people. After a tumultuous first two seasons on the job, Matt Canada will return as the Pittsburgh Steelers' offensive coordinator in 2023, according to the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. [23] The characteristics of Indigenous societies included permanent settlements, agriculture, complex societal hierarchies, and trading networks. Of all Canadas top sights, Banff National Park justifiably ranks as many peoples number one. Ottawa is its capital and Toronto is its largest city. [212] Most notably, a series of eleven treaties known as the Numbered Treaties were signed between the Indigenous peoples and the reigning monarch of Canada between 1871 and 1921. [62], The Canadas were the main front in the War of 1812 between the United States and the United Kingdom. Quebec. [244], Canada is a federation composed of ten federated states called provinces and three federal territories. [313] Universal access to publicly funded health services "is often considered by Canadians as a fundamental value that ensures national health care insurance for everyone wherever they live in the country. [375] Due to its historical relation to the francophone culture, Quebec Sign Language (LSQ) is used primarily in Quebec, although there are sizeable Francophone communities in New Brunswick, Ontario and Manitoba. Despite Canadas great size, it is one of the worlds most sparsely populated countries. [315] Approximately 65 to 75percent of Canadians have some form of supplementary health insurance related to the aforementioned reasons; many receive it through their employers or access secondary social service programs related to extended coverage for families receiving social assistance or vulnerable demographics, such as seniors, minors, and those with disabilities. Here's how to protect yourself. [222] Canada acceded to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in 1976. [131] Boreal forests prevail throughout the country, ice is prominent in northern Arctic regions and through the Rocky Mountains, and the relatively flat Canadian Prairies in the southwest facilitate productive agriculture. [38] A period of redress is underway, which started with the appointment of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada by the Government of Canada in 2008. Canada's long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. From north to south it spans more than half the Northern Hemisphere. [295] Canada has also produced one of the world's most successful and widely used sounding rockets, the Black Brant; over 1,000 Black Brants have been launched since the rocket's introduction in 1961. WebApply to travel, study, work or immigrate to Canada, apply for citizenship, a permanent resident card or refugee protection, check the status of your application or find a form. [250], Canada has a highly developed mixed-market economy,[252][253] with the world's eighth-largest economy as of 2022[update], and a nominal GDP of approximately US$2.221trillion. [58] It re-established the French language, Catholic faith, and French civil law there, staving off the growth of an independence movement in contrast to the Thirteen Colonies. [321] Four chronic diseasescancer (leading cause of death), cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases and diabetesaccount for 65percent of deaths in Canada. [26], The Indigenous population at the time of the first European settlements is estimated to have been between 200,000[27] and two million,[28] with a figure of 500,000 accepted by Canada's Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples. Equalization payments are made by the federal government to ensure reasonably uniform standards of services and taxation are kept between the richer and poorer provinces. [126][127] In addition to sharing the world's largest land border with the United Statesspanning 8,891km (5,525mi)Canada shares a land border with Greenland (and hence the Kingdom of Denmark) to the northeast on Hans Island[128] and a maritime boundary with France's overseas collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon to the southeast. [429] Since the 1980s, Canada's ethnic and cultural diversity has been openly reflected in its literature. Due to changes in testing policies across Canada, case counts shown may be lower than actual numbers. Learn about labour mobility between provinces and territories. [88], The Great Depression in Canada during the early 1930s saw an economic downturn, leading to hardship across the country. [293] Canada is a participant in the International Space Station (ISS), and is a pioneer in space robotics, having constructed the Canadarm, Canadarm2 and Dextre robotic manipulators for the ISS and NASA's Space Shuttle. Deaths. It is the second largest country in the world, but it has only one-half of one percent of the world's population. [219][220] The strategy of the Canadian government's foreign aid policy reflects an emphasis to meet the Millennium Development Goals, while also providing assistance in response to foreign humanitarian crises. [55], The Royal Proclamation of 1763 established First Nation treaty rights, created the Province of Quebec out of New France, and annexed Cape Breton Island to Nova Scotia. [172] Historically, the Liberal Party position themselves at the centre of the Canadian political spectrum,[173][174] with the Conservative Party positioned on the right and the New Democratic Party occupying the left. In 2006, the average age in Canada was 39.5 years;[317] it rose to 42.4 years by 2018[318] before falling slightly to 41.9 in 2021. [72] British Columbia and Vancouver Island (which had been united in 1866) joined the confederation in 1871 on the promise of a transcontinental railway extending to Victoria in the province within 10 years,[73] while Prince Edward Island joined in 1873. [214] The role of Aboriginal law and the rights they support were reaffirmed by section 35 of the Constitution Act, 1982. Winters can be harsh in many parts of the country, particularly in the interior and Prairie provinces, which experience a continental climate, where daily average temperatures are near 15C (5F), but can drop below 40C (40F) with severe wind chills. WebCOVID-19 in Canada. [50] The Beaver Wars broke out in the mid-17th century over control of the North American fur trade. [125] The Great Lakes feed the St. Lawrence River (in the southeast) where the lowlands host much of Canada's economic output. To register, contact media@hrsdc-rhdcc.gc.ca with your name and media outlet before 10:00 a.m. EST on Thursday, January 19, 2023.Please indicate if attendance will be in-person or virtual. To register, contact media@hrsdc-rhdcc.gc.ca with your name and media outlet before 10:00 a.m. EST on Thursday, January 19, 2023.Please indicate if attendance will be in-person or virtual. Zellers canada locations 2023. Christians, representing 53.3percent of the population in 2021, are followed by people reporting irreligion or having no religion at 34.6percent. [354], Of the 36.3 million people enumerated in 2021, approximately 25.4 million reported being "White", representing 69.8percent of the population. WebCanada is a country in North America.Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles), making it the world's second-largest country by total area.Its southern and western border with the United States, stretching "They serve FranceHow can I serve Canada? [457] Canada has developed a vast music infrastructure that includes church halls, chamber halls, conservatories, academies, performing arts centres, record companies, radio stations and television music video channels. [74] In 1898, during the Klondike Gold Rush in the Northwest Territories, Parliament created the Yukon Territory. A fuel pump is seen in a car at a gas station in Toronto April 22, 2014. Canada is part of several major international and intergovernmental institutions or groupings including the United Nations, NATO, G7, Group of Ten, G20, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), World Trade Organization (WTO), Commonwealth of Nations, Arctic Council, Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, and Organization of American States. Canada's land area is 9.98 million square kilometres (3.85 million square miles). [299] Canada has one of the highest per-capita immigration rates in the world,[300] driven mainly by economic policy and also family reunification. TORONTO - Canadas mens basketball team will play exhibition games against Spain and Argentina this summer in preparation for the 2023 FIBA World Cup. [419] The Arms of Canada are closely modelled after the royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom with French and distinctive Canadian elements replacing or added to those derived from the British version. [212] These rights may include provision of services, such as health care through the Indian Health Transfer Policy, and exemption from taxation. [369], Other provinces have no official languages as such, but French is used as a language of instruction, in courts, and for other government services, in addition to English. [391][392] Canada has the second-largest national Sikh population, behind India. From east to west it stretches almost 4,700 miles (7,560 kilometers) across six time zones. [453], Canadian visual art has been dominated by figures such as painter Tom Thomson and by the Group of Seven. [256] Canada's economy ranks above the U.S. and most western European nations on The Heritage Foundation's Index of Economic Freedom[257] and experiences a relatively low level of income disparity. Moving between provinces. [418] Canada's official tartan, known as the "maple leaf tartan", has four colours that reflect the colours of the maple leaf as it changes through the seasonsgreen in the spring, gold in the early autumn, red at the first frost, and brown after falling. WebVisit our Campus. Contracts with government. [153] Lake Superior National Marine Conservation Area is the world's largest freshwater protected area, spanning roughly 10,000 square kilometres (3,900sqmi) of lakebed, its overlaying freshwater, and associated shoreline on 60 square kilometres (23sqmi) of islands and mainland. [149], Approximately 12.1 percent of the nation's landmass and freshwater are conservation areas, including 11.4 percent designated as protected areas. Ontario. It is to the north of the United States. [416] Modern symbols emphasize the country's geography, cold climate, lifestyles and the Canadianization of traditional European and Indigenous symbols. [14] The government of Louis St. Laurent ended the practice of using Dominion in the statutes of Canada in 1951. [472], Canada shares several major professional sports leagues with the United States. [439] As a result, the preservation of a distinctly Canadian culture is supported by federal government programs, laws, and institutions such as the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), the National Film Board of Canada (NFB), and the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC). Some of the most common non-official first languages include Mandarin (679,255 first-language speakers), Punjabi (666,585), Cantonese (553,380), Spanish (538,870), Arabic (508,410), Tagalog (461,150), Italian (319,505), and German (272,865). They were joined briefly by Frank Johnston and by commercial artist Franklin Carmichael. COVID-19 in Canada. This spring, Hudson's Bay Company is set to open Zellers stores inside 25 The Bay locations across Canada. [366] Although more than 82 percent of French-speaking Canadians live in Quebec, there are substantial Francophone populations in New Brunswick, Alberta, and Manitoba; Ontario has the largest French-speaking population outside Quebec. The nation employs a professional, volunteer force of approximately 68,000 active personnel and 27,000 reserve personnel, increasing to 71,500 and 30,000 respectively under "Strong, Secure, Engaged" with a sub-component of approximately 5,000 Canadian Rangers. [264][271] Atlantic Canada possesses vast offshore deposits of natural gas, and Alberta also hosts large oil and gas resources. [125] Canada also has vast maritime terrain, with the world's longest coastline of 243,042 kilometres (151,019mi). 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